Influencing factors and effect measurement of laser cutting

Influencing factors and effect measurement of laser cuttingIn the laser processing equipment market, laser cutting processing is the most important application technology. In 2015, my country sold about 3,000 laser cutting machines. The substitution effect of laser cutting machines on shears and punches has become more and more obvious. After the more popular laser marking application in the market, it is expected that the market for high-end and high-power Wuxi laser cutting machine equipment featuring high cutting speed, high precision, thick plates and large cutting format has a large room for growth.
Influencing factors of laser cutting
In the laser cutting process, the laser emitted by the laser is converged into a point (focus) by the collimation and focusing lens of the cutting head. The operator must ensure that the processed laser beam is in the exact center of the nozzle and adjust the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the sheet (see Depending on the thickness of the plate), high-pressure gas is sprayed from the nozzle, which cooperates with the laser beam to complete the cutting operation. The main influencing factors are as follows:
(1) Focus diameter
The diameter is small, the incision is narrow, and the cutting thickness is small; the diameter is large, the incision is wide, and the cutting thickness is large.
(2) Focus position
Determines the size of the spot on the surface of the workpiece and the shape of the cut; the best position depends on the type and thickness of the material.
(3) Power
Affect the thickness of the cut sheet; affect the processing efficiency and the amount of deformation.
(4) Cutting speed
It needs to match the power, gas flow, etc., too small will cause impermeability or the formation of burrs.
(5) Nozzle diameter
Small diameter, suitable for thin plate cutting; large diameter, suitable for thick plate cutting.
(6) Gas
The purity of the gas affects the formation of burrs and the oxidation of the cutting surface; the gas flow, the thinner the plate, the greater the pressure.
(7) Beam mode
Single-mode has good effect in thin plate cutting, multi-mode has a larger light spot and even energy distribution, which is suitable for thick plate cutting.
The measurement standard of laser cutting effect
Faced with a wide range of processing materials and flexible processing shapes, laser cutting equipment can better meet the complex processing requirements and meet the needs of automobiles, aerospace, medical care, plastics, electrical and electronics, and textiles with high speed, high precision and high quality. And other industry application requirements. The judgment of its cutting effect can mainly be measured from the following aspects:
(1) Roughness
There are more or less lines left by the cutting edge, and the depth of the lines determines the roughness of the cutting surface. The shallower the grain, the lower the roughness and the smoother the surface. Generally speaking, the thinner the material thickness, the lower the cutting surface roughness; https://babypulseoximeter.com/the lower the surface roughness of cutting with nitrogen or argon than the cutting with oxygen.
(2) Verticality
Because the cutting beam is focused and the beam has the characteristic of divergence, this leads to the inconsistency of the spot size at different depths in the thickness direction of the material when cutting (especially when cutting thick plates), which causes the cutting surface and the sheet surface to be unable to reach Absolutely 90°, either the upper surface is wider or the lower surface is wider. Generally speaking, the thinner the material thickness, the better the perpendicularity; the better the beam quality, the better the perpendicularity. In addition, it is also related to the relative position of the spot focus and the thickness direction of the material in the specific processing.
(3) Burr
For excellent cutting, the cutting edge should be free of burrs, and subsequent processing is required due to the presence of burrs. This is related to the matching of process parameters, material types and beam quality of the specific processing process.
(4) Deformation
Since the nature of laser cutting is thermal cutting, it is inevitable that there will be deformation of the plate, and excellent cutting should minimize the adverse effects caused by this. Special attention should be paid in the cutting of thin plates. Generally speaking, the faster the cutting speed, the narrower the slit, and the greater the gas flow, the smaller the deformation.